Date October People Michael Faraday. More images. Michael Faraday's electric generator Credit: Paul Wilkinson. Faraday's notebook - October Read Faraday's electromagnetic generator entry. Further reading Wikipedia. Bridging the gap between the past, the present and the future — that's the daily work of the Siemens Historical Institute.
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The electrification of the world. Werner von Siemens and the dynamoelectric principle. Faster than others, he recognized the potential of the dynamoelectric principle and applied the maxim that the value of an invention is in its practical application.
The dynamo machine that the company developed to market maturity was the prerequisite for putting electricity to use in everyday life. By providing an economical way to turn mechanical energy into electrical energy, it marked the beginning of the electrification of the world. A long journey — First steps towards new lighting technology In the fall of , Werner von Siemens was spending more time on the question of how to improve spinning dynamos as they existed at that time.
Provided the design is correct, the effects should turn out to be enormous. Werner von Siemens, Lighter, more efficient and less expensive — The dawn of a new era of electrification After several weeks of testing, Werner von Siemens was certain that his new dynamo-electric machine had the potential to enable substantial developmental progress.
Generator failure is caused by temperatures rising too high which results in a breakdown of insulation and a short between to parallel wires. Commutator - Learn more detail about them here Torque - force in a rotational motion. Also see our page on Induction. Dynamo is an older term used to describe a generator that makes direct current power. DC power sends electrons in only one direction.
The problem with a simple generator is that when the rotor rotates it eventually turns completely around, reversing the current. Early inventors didn't know what to do with this alternating current, alternating current is more complex to control and design motors and lights for.
Early inventors had to figure a way to only capture the positive energy of the generator, so they invented a commutator. The commutator is a switch that allows current to only flow in one direction. See the video below to see how the commutator works:. The Dynamo consists of 3 major components : the stator, the armature, and the commutator. Brushes are part of the commutator, the brushes must conduct electricity as the keep contact with the rotating armature.
The first brushes were actual wire "brushes" made of small wires. These wore out easily and they developed graphic blocks to do the same job. The stator is a fixed structure that makes magnetic field, you can do this in a small dynamo using a permanent magnet. Large dynamos require an electromagnet. The armature is made of coiled copper windings which rotate inside the magnetic field made by the stator.
When the windings move, they cut through the lines of magnetic field. This creates pulses of electric power. The commutator is needed to produce direct current. In direct current power flows in only one direction through a wire, the problem is that the rotating armature in a dynamo reverses current each half turn, so the commutator is a rotary switch that disconnects the power during the reversed current part of the cycle.
Since the magnets in an dynamo are solenoids, they must be powered to work. So in addition to brushes which tap power to go out to the main circuit, there is another set of brushes to take power from from the armature to power the stator's magnets.
That's fine if the dynamo is running, but how do you start a dynamo if you have no power to start? Sometimes the armature retains some magnetism in the iron core, and and when it begins to turn it makes a small amount of power, enough to excite the solenoids in the stator. Voltage then begins to rise until the dynamo is at full power. If there is no magnetism left in the armature's iron, than often a battery is used to excite the solenoids in the dynamo to get it started. This is called "field flashing".
Below in the discussion of wiring the dynamo you will notice how power is routed through the solenoids differently. There are two ways of wiring a dynamo: series wound and shunt wound.
See the diagrams to learn the difference. But electric generators also transformed the steam engines that drove them, and there hangs a tale. Dynamos are ill-matched to mechanical engines because electricity, unlike steam, moves at the speed of light -- without any delay.
Generators naturally run faster than steam engines do. Stationary power plants were large slow-moving affairs during most of the 19th century. They ran at around 60 rpm -- one stroke a second.
In that sense they were still kin to the engines of James Watt, years before. A Dynamo turned much faster -- maybe rpm. It had to be coupled to the lumbering steam engine with complicated gears and belts. A new breed of high-speed steam engines did exist in the outback.
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