Galton and Darwin shared the common grand father Erasmus Darwin, a famous naturalist and philosopher. The son of a wealthy banker family, Galton was raised as a member of the leisure class. Though he attended classes at Cambridge and began a medical program in London, he never obtained a degree. However, he was regarded by contemporaries and later by historians as unusually intelligent, owing to the value of his writings and the breadth of his work. His expeditions through unexplored parts of Africa won him a silver medal from the French Geographical Society, and the election to the Royal Society.
In , he married Louisa Jane Butler upon returning from Africa, and settled into a London estate with his wife. Supported by his inheritance, Galton was free to live the life of a gentleman scientist, pursuing experiments and observing the natural world from the comfort of his home. He was chiefly engaged in measuring and quantifying everything he observed. One of his important contributions to the field of statistics was his description and explanation of the common phenomenon of the regression toward the mean.
Galton observed that if a variable is extreme at its first measurement, it also tends to be closer to the average on a second measurement, and vice versa. Having collected hundreds of fingerprint samples, Galton created a taxonomic classification system still largely in use by forensic scientists of the twenty-first century.
However, he was disappointed to find no evidence that fingerprint types were heritable. His most famous work consisted in a statistical inquiry using the pedigrees of families with notable members. His results showed strong evidence that talent was heritable, and even when detractors tried to correct for environmental factors such as wealth and education, the evidence could not be entirely refuted.
Geneticist : By studying inheritance statistically, Galton founded the "biometric" approach to genetics. Psychologist Galton founded Differential Psychology, sometimes called the "London School" of experimental psychology..
Statistician: The study of heredity could only be placed on a scientific basis by introducing new statistical concepts like regression and correlation. Eugenicist: Galton wrote and campaigned extensively about improvement of the human stock, which he called 'eugenics'. Biography: The autobiography and Pearson's monumental biography are both available here. Gallery: A collection of photographs and portraits of Galton. Bibliography: This bibliography lists all the known published material by Galton and provides links to those published on this site almost all of his papers are now available here.
Sir Francis Galton F. I have no patience with the hypothesis occasionally expressed, and often implied, especially in tales written to teach children to be good, that babies are born pretty much alike, and that the sole agencies in creating differences between boy and boy, and man and man, are steady application and moral effort.
On his mother's side he was the grandson of Erasmus Darwin, physician, zoologist, botanist, and poet, and on his father's of a Birmingham Quaker who had made his money by manufacturing rifles. He himself was the eldest son in a family of nine. And, when he was fit, I was sometimes taken up to see him, and so met many other members of the same family, including the youngest, called Frank or Francis. Francis Galton was one of the most distinguished-looking people I have ever known-tall, slim, neatly dressed, with a forehead like the dome of St.
Paul's My father, who was an ardent Darwinian, used to try to inspire me with intellectual ambitions of my own by telling me of the remarkable investigations carried out and published by this exceptionally brilliant member of an exceptionally brilliant family. I met him again as an undergraduate at Oxford, and later in London shortly before his death. He died in January, , at Haslemere Surrey , in a house he had taken to escape the London winter; and his body now lies in the family vault in Claverdon churchyard.
Sir Cyril Burt Brit. May Biography of Francis Galton The publication in of the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin made a marked epoch in my own mental development, as it did in that of human thought generally. Michael Bulmer's study of Galton has now been published. Finger prints onwards 67 Natural Inheritance 72 First academic lectures on variation and correlation accompanied by laboratory work started at University College October Start of biometric laboratory 74 Measurement of plants and animals committee, Royal Society 67,77 Law of Ancestral Heredity 79 Biometrika founded, Galton writes preface and becomes consulting editor -- Eugenics movement 82 Research fellowship in eugenics in University of London "Eugenics Office" 85 Transformation of "Eugenics Office" into the "Eugenics Laboratory" and its association with the biometric laboratory 89 Death and by bequest foundation of the Galton Professorship and endowment of the Laboratory of Eugenics in the University of London 42 Rutland Gate, London, now much altered since Galton lived there.
May The fenced Galton family plot in the Claverdon graveyard. Galton's gravestone.
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