Once you've opened the connection, you can add in code to create the database. The database will not contain any data yet; the first table in the database will be added in the next step. Create a table for your database. Once the database has been created, you can create a table to store data that you retrieve from forms.
The table can be configured in any way you'd like to fit your data. For the CHAR values, you need to set how long the string can be 30 in this case. This essentially creates an ID number for each entry added. Part 4. Create your HTML form.
This form will allow users to enter their information into a form on the website. This data will then be stored into a file and inserted into the database you created earlier. Create the insert. Once you have the form created, you will need to create the insert.
Part 5. Learn what can be done with PHP. Beyond database management, there is a lot that can be accomplished with PHP. You can open files, send emails, create cookies, start private sessions, and much more. The potential is nearly limitless, which is why so much web development is done with PHP.
Examine what others do. One of the quickest ways to learn PHP is to examine the code that other developers create and adapt it to your won. While there is no way to examine the PHP code of a website without direct access to the server that it is hosted on [6] X Research source , there are a variety of communities that share code and can help explain what is going on in it. GitHub is one of the more popular repositories for open source code and collaboration [7] X Research source.
Learn PHP security. Security on the web is a serious concern, and making sure that your code is secure is essential. This is especially important if you are dealing with passwords and payment information. Make sure that your forms and databases are secure from any intrusions.
Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. As with any programming, documenting your code with comments is important. Make sure you know how to comment in PHP as well. Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0. Submit a Tip All tip submissions are carefully reviewed before being published.
Related wikiHows How to. How to. Co-authors: Updated: October 21, Categories: Software PHP. There is a plethora of PHP libraries that are compatible with Composer and ready to be used in your project. The safest way to download composer is by following the official instructions. This will verify the installer is not corrupt or tampered with. The installer installs a composer.
We recommend installing Composer globally e. To do so, run this command next:. Note: If the above fails due to permissions, prefix with sudo. You can manage it by hand if you like, or use Composer itself. Alternatively, the composer init command will guide you through creating a full composer.
Composer creates a file called composer. If you share your project with others, ensure the composer. To update your dependencies, run composer update.
This is most useful when you define your version requirements flexibly. To receive notifications about new version releases you can sign up for libraries. Composer can also handle global dependencies and their binaries. Usage is straight-forward, all you need to do is prefix your command with global. It behaves similarly to Composer, but has some notable differences. PEAR requires each package to have a specific structure, which means that the author of the package must prepare it for usage with PEAR.
Using a project which was not prepared to work with PEAR is not possible. PEAR installs packages globally, which means after installing them once they are available to all projects on that server. This can be good if many projects rely on the same package with the same version but might lead to problems if version conflicts between two projects arise. You can install PEAR by downloading the. The PEAR documentation has detailed install instructions for every operating system.
If you are using Linux, you can also have a look at your distribution package manager. Debian and Ubuntu, for example, have an apt php-pear package. If the package is listed on the PEAR packages list , you can install it by specifying the official name:. If the package is hosted on another channel, you need to discover the channel first and also specify it when installing. See the Using channel docs for more information on this topic. This example will install code from pear2. Then the require section will prefix the package name like this:.
When this code is installed it will be available in your vendor directory and automatically available through the Composer autoloader:. PHP is a vast language that allows coders of all levels the ability to produce code not only quickly, but efficiently.
To help combat this common issue, this section is aimed at reminding coders of the basic coding practices within PHP.
PHP has a class named DateTime to help you when reading, writing, comparing or calculating with date and time. There are many date and time related functions in PHP besides DateTime, but it provides nice object-oriented interface to most common uses. DateTime can handle time zones, but that is outside the scope of this short introduction.
To start working with DateTime, convert raw date and time string to an object with createFromFormat factory method or do new DateTime to get the current date and time. Use format method to convert DateTime back to a string for output. Calculating with DateTime is possible with the DateInterval class.
DateTime has methods like add and sub that take a DateInterval as an argument. Do not write code that expects the same number of seconds in every day. Both daylight saving and time zone alterations will break that assumption. Use date intervals instead. To calculate date difference use the diff method. It will return new DateInterval, which is super easy to display. One last example to demonstrate the DatePeriod class.
It is used to iterate over recurring events. It can take two DateTime objects, start and end, and the interval for which it will return all events in between.
It inherits everything in the DateTime class, so involves minimal code alterations, but extra features include Localization support, further ways to add, subtract and format a DateTime object, plus a means to test your code by simulating a date and time of your choosing. When you are building your application it is helpful to use common patterns in your code and common patterns for the overall structure of your project.
Using common patterns is helpful because it makes it much easier to manage your code and lets other developers quickly understand how everything fits together. If you use a framework then most of the higher level code and project structure will be based on that framework, so a lot of the pattern decisions are made for you. But it is still up to you to pick out the best patterns to follow in the code you build on top of the framework. Right now PHP does not support Unicode at a low level.
However, most string functions, like strpos and strlen , do need special consideration. If you forget even just once, your Unicode string has a chance of being garbled during further processing. Explicitly defining the encoding of your strings in every script will save you a lot of headaches down the road.
Additionally, many PHP functions that operate on strings have an optional parameter letting you specify the character encoding. You should always explicitly indicate UTF-8 when given the option. For example, htmlentities has an option for character encoding, and you should always specify UTF-8 if dealing with such strings.
Note that as of PHP 5. This will use mbstring if it is available, and fall back to non UTF-8 functions if not. See example code below. This is critically important. Note that you must use the utf8mb4 character set for complete UTF-8 support, not the utf8 character set!
See Further Reading for why. Today, it is common to set the character set in the HTTP response header like this:. Disclaimer for newcomers: i18n and l10n are numeronyms, a kind of abbreviation where numbers are used to shorten words - in our case, internationalization becomes i18n and localization, l10n. This way is, however, hardly recommended for serious projects, as it poses some maintenance issues along the road - some might appear in the very beginning, such as pluralization.
The most classic way and often taken as reference for i18n and l10n is a Unix tool called gettext. It dates back to and is still a complete implementation for translating software. It is easy enough to get running, while still sporting powerful supporting tools.
It is about Gettext we will be talking here. Also, to help you not get messy over the command-line, we will be presenting a great GUI application that can be used to easily update your l10n source. There are common libraries used that support Gettext and other implementations of i18n. Some of them may seem easier to install or sport additional features or i18n file formats. In this document, we focus on the tools provided with the PHP core, but here we list others for completion:.
Other frameworks also include i18n modules, but those are not available outside of their codebases:. If you decide to go for one of the libraries that provide no extractors, you may want to use the gettext formats, so you can use the original gettext toolchain including Poedit as described in the rest of the chapter.
You might need to install Gettext and the related PHP library by using your package manager, like apt-get or yum. Here we will also be using Poedit to create translation files. There are three files you usually deal with while working with gettext. There are some cases, in big projects, where you might need to separate translations when the same words convey different meaning given a context.
In those cases, you split them into different domains. In Symfony projects, for example, domains are used to separate the translation for validation messages. A locale is simply a code that identifies one version of a language. It is defined following the ISO and ISO alpha-2 specs: two lower-case letters for the language, optionally followed by an underline and two upper-case letters identifying the country or regional code.
For rare languages , three letters are used. For some speakers, the country part may seem redundant. To use Gettext, we will need to adhere to a specific structure of folders.
First, you will need to select an arbitrary root for your l10n files in your source repository. As we said in the introduction, different languages might sport different plural rules. However, gettext saves us from this trouble once again. When creating a new. When calling Gettext in code, you will have to specify the number related to the sentence, and it will work out the correct form to use - even using string substitution if needed. Plural rules include the number of plurals available and a boolean test with n that would define in which rule the given number falls starting the count with 0.
For example:. When calling out Gettext to do localization on sentences with counters, you will have to provide it the related number as well. Gettext will work out what rule should be in effect and use the correct localized version. You will need to include in the. The first section works like a header, having the msgid and msgstr especially empty. It describes the file encoding, plural forms and other things that are less relevant.
The second section translates a simple string from English to Brazilian Portuguese, and the third does the same, but leveraging string replacement from sprintf so the translation may contain the user name and visit date. The last section is a sample of pluralization forms, displaying the singular and plural version as msgid in English and their corresponding translations as msgstr 0 and 1 following the number given by the plural rule.
The plural forms always have two msgid singular and plural , so it is advised not to use a complex language as the source of translation.
As you might have noticed, we are using as source ID the actual sentence in English. That msgid is the same used throughout all your.
The Gettext manual favors the first approach as, in general, it is easier for translators and users in case of trouble. That is how we will be working here as well. However, the Symfony documentation favors keyword-based translation, to allow for independent changes of all translations without affecting templates as well.
In a typical application, you would use some Gettext functions while writing static text in your pages. Those sentences would then appear in. One of the great advantages Gettext has over custom framework i18n packages is its extensive and powerful file format. This guide is based on PoEdit 1. Now, save the file - using that directory structure we mentioned as well.
After setting those points it will run a scan through your source files to find all the localization calls. After every scan PoEdit will display a summary of what was found and what was removed from the source files. Save it and a. As you may have noticed before, there are two main types of localized strings: simple ones and those with plural forms. The first ones have simply two boxes: source and localized string. Tip: you may right-click a translation line and it will hint you with the source files and lines where that string is being used.
On the other hand, plural form strings include two boxes to show the two source strings, and tabs so you can configure the different final forms. Whenever you change your sources and need to update the translations, just hit Refresh and Poedit will rescan the code, removing non-existent entries, merging the ones that changed and adding new ones.
It may also try to guess some translations, based on other ones you did. It is also useful if you have a translation team and someone tries to write something they are not sure about: just mark Fuzzy, and someone else will review later.
From that menu, you can also open parts of the UI that allow you to leave contextual information for translators if needed. It happens the first time it is read, and then, to update it, you might need to restart the server. Many custom i18n libraries from frameworks use something similar to t as well, to make translated code shorter. However, that is the only function that sports a shortcut.
It is just a field in the. You need to include there the specifications of those new functions, following a specific format :. After including those new rules in the. Dependency injection is a software design pattern that allows the removal of hard-coded dependencies and makes it possible to change them, whether at run-time or compile-time. This quote makes the concept sound much more complicated than it actually is.
Dependency Injection is providing a component with its dependencies either through constructor injection, method calls or the setting of properties. It is that simple. Here we have a Database class that requires an adapter to speak to the database. We instantiate the adapter in the constructor and create a hard dependency. This makes testing difficult and means the Database class is very tightly coupled to the adapter.
Now we are giving the Database class its dependency rather than creating it itself. These are the complex problems that Dependency Injection solves. In terms of Dependency Injection, this means loosening our dependencies by controlling and instantiating them elsewhere in the system. For years, PHP frameworks have been achieving Inversion of Control, however, the question became, which part of control are we inverting, and where to?
For example, MVC frameworks would generally provide a super object or base controller that other controllers must extend to gain access to its dependencies. This is Inversion of Control, however, instead of loosening dependencies, this method simply moved them.
Dependency Injection allows us to more elegantly solve this problem by only injecting the dependencies we need, when we need them, without the need for any hard coded dependencies at all.
The Single Responsibility Principle is about actors and high-level architecture. The largest benefit of this approach is that it enables improved code reusability. By designing our class to do just one thing, we can use or re-use it in any other program without changing it. Practically speaking, this means that we should write classes that implement and adhere to interfaces , then type-hint against those interfaces instead of specific classes.
The largest benefit of this approach is that we can very easily extend our code with support for something new without having to modify existing code, meaning that we can reduce QA time, and the risk for negative impact to the application is substantially reduced. We can deploy new code, faster, and with more confidence.
The Liskov Substitution Principle is about subtyping and inheritance. For example, if we have a FileInterface interface which defines an embed method, and we have Audio and Video classes which both implement the FileInterface interface, then we can expect that the usage of the embed method will always do the thing that we intend. If we later create a PDF class or a Gist class which implement the FileInterface interface, we will already know and understand what the embed method will do.
The largest benefit of this approach is that we have the ability to build flexible and easily-configurable programs, because when we change one object of a type e. For example, a Car or Bus class would be interested in a steeringWheel method, but a Motorcycle or Tricycle class would not.
Conversely, a Motorcycle or Tricycle class would be interested in a handlebars method, but a Car or Bus class would not. There is no need to have all of these types of vehicles implement support for both steeringWheel as well as handlebars , so we should break-apart the source interface. The Dependency Inversion Principle is about removing hard-links between discrete classes so that new functionality can be leveraged by passing a different class.
Do not depend on concretions. We can easily refactor the above example to follow this principle. There are several benefits to the Database class now depending on an interface rather than a concretion. Consider that we are working in a team and the adapter is being worked on by a colleague. In our first example, we would have to wait for said colleague to finish the adapter before we could properly mock it for our unit tests.
An even bigger benefit to this method is that our code is now much more scalable. If a year down the line we decide that we want to migrate to a different type of database, we can write an adapter that implements the original interface and injects that instead, no more refactoring would be required as we can ensure that the adapter follows the contract set by the interface.
The first thing you should understand about Dependency Injection Containers is that they are not the same thing as Dependency Injection. A container is a convenience utility that helps us implement Dependency Injection, however, they can be and often are misused to implement an anti-pattern, Service Location. Injecting a DI container as a Service Locator in to your classes arguably creates a harder dependency on the container than the dependency you are replacing.
It also makes your code much less transparent and ultimately harder to test. Most modern frameworks have their own Dependency Injection Container that allows you to wire your dependencies together through configuration.
What this means in practice is that you can write application code that is as clean and de- coupled as the framework it is built on. Many times your PHP code will use a database to persist information.
I feel MySQL is never going off trend thing, and it is any day worth learning. MySQL is easy to use and highly beneficial. It is a database forum for businesses.
It is used in association with PHP. It takes around a week to learn the basics of MySQL. It has a wide application base, so this turns to be a stand for you in many advantageous aspects. If your intention is to do back-end developer and really be a worthy back-end developer learn MySQL. With MySQL, you open numerous job opportunities. You can apply for any job personnel, that involves back-end or server-side development.
As a back-end developer or a full-stack developer, you earn well. And the post is really worth it. So, it would be highly recommendable to learn MySQL in Mongo Db is basically a Document-collection oriented database and not a relational table structured database, unlike SQL databases.
Another option can be to use real-time databases like firebase, firestore, or Amazon Dynamo DB. MySQL gets upgradations and facilitates new functionalities with each update. SQL is a programming language, that is useful for managing relational databases. While MySQL is an open-source database that is available in the market. It requires an understanding of the language of the implementation.
On the other hand, MySQL can be easily accessed through simple downloading and installation. The main functions and advantages of SQL are:. The main functions and advantages of MySQL are:.
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