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Analytics analytics. Another limitation to the base system? The driveshaft is always spinning, even if the coupler isn't engaged, leading to some additional parasitic drag in the driveline.
As equipped in the Camry, Toyota acknowledges a 3-mpg combined drop in EPA fuel economy testing due to the all-wheel-drive system. As on the more basic system, the all-wheel-drive transfer case is integrated into the transmission, but between it and the driveshaft is a dog clutch that can completely disengage when only front-wheel-drive is needed, reducing drag on the system.
A second dog clutch between the driveshaft and the rear differential further improves the system's flexibility in metering out power appropriately.
What's more, clutch packs in the differential itself provide active torque vectoring—when one wheel loses traction and starts spinning, the clutches engage, sending power to the other wheel.
By reducing its dependence on the brake-based traction control, the system is even better at keeping the vehicle moving forward. The Toyota Highlander L, LE, and XLE use a similar all-wheel-drive system with a driveline disconnect, except they forego the dynamic torque vectoring component in favor of a simpler open differential that uses traction control to prevent wheelspin.
It seems as though hybrid technology has the potential to make driveshafts of any kind obsolete. The new RAV4 AWD Hybrid combines the Toyota Hybrid engine and traditional motor that powers the front wheels with a second, rear-mounted electric motor powering the rear wheels.
The dual motors allow torque to be distributed between all four wheels resulting in improved traction and stability. The intelligent control system also monitors driving conditions and adjusts the torque distribution for optimal handling, traction, and efficiency, hence the name All-Wheel Drive with intelligence AWD-i. We mashed the power pedal. The RAV4 Prime does spin its front tires in this situation, and it is no surprise. The AWD system of any crossover will spin the front tires temporarily in certain situations.
By contrast, when we instead simply applied a normal amount of throttle to the RAV4 Prime there was zero wheel slip in this challenging test. The vehicle started off smoothly and confidently. You can see it in the video above. Again, just like the system in a conventionally-designed AWD crossover.
First, it always uses at least some electric power when starting off. It never really goes so low that the vehicle does not combine electric and engine power to drive the four wheels when one starts from a stop.
This means that the RAV4 Prime feels like a battery-electric vehicle in almost every scenario.
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